Optimization of aerated biodiesel production from selected waste cooking oils using a CuO/CaO catalyst derived from kuhol (Sulcospira) shells

Abstract

This study optimized biodiesel production from waste palm, vegetable, and coconut oils using a CuO/CaO catalyst derived from
kuhol (Sulcospira) shells. Preheating and filtration improved oil quality, and low free fatty acid (FFA) levels (<2 wt%) allowed
direct aeration-assisted transesterification. CuO/CaO particles significantly enhanced the transesterification process. A twofactorial, three-level design was employed to evaluate the relationship between varying operating conditions and biodiesel yield for different waste cooking oils. The properties of pure biodiesel (B100) and blended biodiesel (B5) were compared to the
Philippine National Standards for coconut methyl ester. Results showed that the majority of properties for B100 and B5
conformed to the standards. The lower values of FFA content, acid value, saponification value, and moisture content indicate
favorable properties for the highest biodiesel conversion yield achieved using CuO/CaO. Engine emission testing results for
B100 and B5, reveal significantly lower emissions compared to commercial diesels. Additionally, emission results imply the
potential of B100 as an efficient and sustainable additive to commercially available diesel.

__________________________________________

*Corresponding author

Email address: rejie.magnaye@g.batstate-u.edu.ph